Technological innovation and diffusion of wind power in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the diffusion of wind power in Japan by focusing on the value chain and the interaction between technology and markets and to contribute towards recommendations on technology policy and management. This paper proposes a framework for analyzing the early stage diffusion of wind power systems by combining the use of several approaches considering wind power system as a complex technological system. Firstly, the business system approach is used as an analytical framework by focusing on efficiency, effectiveness and development criteria. As a second approach, the technological trajectory was analyzed based on the concept of technological disequilibrium and the evolutionary patterns of innovation of wind power generation systems were analyzed and the relationship between innovations at the sub-system, modular, and system level was identified. We apply the framework to investigate why wind power diffusion has not picked up momentum in Japan.The results include the following: (1) Technological imbalances within the product system were solved by technological innovation (2) The wind power business in Japan is insufficiently effective due to organizational disequilibrium (3) The technology system has begun to evolve in the direction of micro grid systems. (4) It is important to consider the demand-pull measures for wind power generation so that Japanese institution can have a “time slot” for ”learning by doing” to catch up and accelerate diffusion of wind power generation, including institutional reform of RPS law. Also further technological development related to stabilizing unstable wind energy is required.     

希腊构建多元化能源结构值得借鉴

希腊是一个缺乏能源的小国家,但其构建东南欧能源共同体、构建石油、天然气和输电网络的框架计划、放开能源市场鼓励竞争、制定法律促进替代能源发展等措施值得我们借鉴.     

Pro-social Motivation and the Delivery of Social Services

This article provides an overview highlighting some major themesof the recent literature on the role of pro-social motivationin the provision of social services. We focus on the insightsobtained from two alternative ways of modelling pro-social motivation;action-oriented and output-oriented altruism. This literaturehas implications regarding the design of optimal incentives,the selection of motivated agents and its interaction with monetaryrewards, and the optimal organizational form required to exploitsuch motivations. We also discuss the implications for governmentprovision of social services from the perspective of a parallelliterature that emphasizes the non-contractible nature of output,and contrast it with the implications derived from work emphasizingthe role of pro-social motivation. (JEL codes: H11, J32, J45,L31, L33)     

白水江国家级自然保护区珍稀濒危植物现状分析及保护

白水江国家级自然保护区内有珍稀濒危植物54种,占本区总种数的5.48%,占全国珍稀濒危植物总种数的13.5%,占甘肃珍稀濒危植物总种数的97%,隶属于34科46属。其中,处于濒危状态的有3种,稀有有25种,渐危有26种。威胁自然保护区内珍稀濒危植物的主要原因有:历史原因、濒危植物的生理缺陷性、种群缺乏较强的竞争力、人为因素等。文章根据保护区内珍稀濒危植物的现状,提出了白水江国家级自然保护区实现生态保护与可持续发展的对策。     

Analysis of nutrient content and assessment of economic value for major salt-tolerant plants in coastal areas: a case study of Dongying City,Shandong Province

Salinization of soil is a worldwide problem concerning resources and ecology,especially serious in coastal areas.Testing of 26 sorts of data or parameters are carried out on leaves of 22 plant species (in 24 plant variety) of existing main salt-tolerant plant of the Yellow River Delta region.Data or parameters include the following elements:contents of K+,Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+ and Cl-,contents of protein,fat,total energy,ash and contents of 17 amino acids.The results show that these tested plants have economic values.For example,according to their uses,they can be divided into edible plants,forage plants,medicine or health plants,and some of them can be used for multipurposes.These plants have played important roles in the sustainable utilization of plant resources in coastal areas.This paper has taken evaluations on the economic uses of salt-tolerant plants and given suggestions for saline soil improvement and resource utilization in coastal areas.Based on the results of investigation and experiments,we suppose that the salt-tolerant plants in coastal areas can be grouped into 9 main groups according to their eeonomic value:pioneer plants for saline land improvement,medicine,edible and forage plants,industry material forestation,breeding material,energy plants and eco-tourism resources.     

论母子公司财务管理模式及其财权配置

母子公司财务管理有集权、分权、集权与分权融合三种模式。选择母子公司财务管理模式应比较各自的优缺点和适用范围,并充分考虑股权集中度、企业规模等相关因素,以进行具体的财权配置。     

迎接高油价挑战,抓好石化企业节能减排工作

在高油价的条件下,石化企业面对油价高涨和节能减排高标准要求的严峻挑战。今后要做细石化企业内部节能减排基础管理工作,积极参与循环经济建设,做好石化企业整体布局调整和加强石化企业间合作才能抓好石化企业节能减排工作。     

植物隐喻英汉互译处理技巧

由于英汉两个民族有着不同的文化背景和思维方式,植物隐喻存在着相似性的同时也存在着差异。在英汉互译时,产生了可译性、相对可译性与不可译性的现象。译者应选择恰当的翻译方法和技巧,尽量准确地表达源语言的含义。     

“软实力”视野中的社会主义文化建设

文化是“软实力”的重要内容组成部分,也是“软实力”的重要维系力量。以提升中国“软实力”为目标,推进社会主义文化建设,需要坚持社会主义核心价值体系,增强社会主义文化建设的向心力;推进社会主义乖谐文化建设,增强社会主义文化建设的凝聚力;继承与弘扬民族传统文化,增强社会主义文化建设的支撑力;大力推进文化创新与发展,增强社会主义文化建设的竞争力。为了增强社会主义文化建设实效,需要把社会主义文化建设的各个方面结合起来,注重社会主义文化建设的互动性和整体性。     

试论农民教育消费力——以高等教育消费力为例

我国农民教育消费力低下对农民的生产、生活造成很大负面影响,应采取多种措施提高农民教育消费力,这对维护社会公平、构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要意义.